آگاهی، عقلانیت و ساختار نگرش در رژیم‌های باروری: رویکردی شناختی به فرزندآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران؛ و استاد مدعو، موسسه مطالعات جمعیتی، دانشگاه ملی استرالیا، کانبرا، استرالیا

3 دانشجوی دکتری جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش قصد دارد درکی شناختی از گذار باروری ارائه دهد. در این راستا، تغییر رفتار باروری از جمعیت‌های پیشاگذار تا پساگذار از لحاظ سه عنصر آگاهی، عقلانیت و ساختار نگرش مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. به همین منظور، نظریه‌های کاهش باروری و دلالت‌های آن برای آگاهی و عقلانیت و نیز فرایندهای شناختی در شکل‌گیری باورها و نگرش‌ها درباره فرزندآوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در مراحل پایانی گذار باروری، به‌تدریج رفتار باروری آگاهانه‌تر می‌شود و نقش عناصر شناختیِ عقلانیت در پیش‌آیندهای رفتار باروری افزایش می‌یابد. همراه با کاهش باروری به سطح جانشینی، گذار ارزش فرزند و تغییرات فرهنگی سبب افزایش تعارض میان ارزش فرزند و ارزش‌های رقیب آن می‌شود و درنتیجه ساختار نگرش به فرزندآوری مسئله‌ساز خواهد شد. یافته‌های تجربی این تحقیق که با مطالعۀ 482 زن 39-15 سالۀ همسردار در شهر تهران به‌دست آمد نشان داد که احساس دوسوگرایی یا تردید به‌عنوان یکی از جنبه‌های مهم ساختار نگرش، درباره فرزندآوری اول و دوم در مقایسه با فرزندآوری مراتب بالاتر، به‌طور معناداری بیشتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Consciousness, Rationality and Attitude Structure in Fertility Regimes: A Cognitive Approach to Childbearing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mahmoudian 1
  • Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi 2
  • Hamidreza Hajihashemi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; and Visiting Fellow Professor, School of Demography, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
3 PhD Candidate in Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aims to offer a cognitive understanding of the fertility transition. In this regard, the changes in fertility behavior from pre-transitional to post-transitional fertility are explained in terms of consciousness, rationality, and attitude structure. To do this, we reviewed theories of fertility decline and their implications for consciousness and rationality as well as cognitive processes in the formation of beliefs and attitudes towards childbearing. The results show that at the final stages of the fertility transition, fertility behavior gradually becomes more conscious and the role of the cognitive element of rationality in the behavior increases. Along with fertility decline to the replacement level, the transition of the value of children and cultural changes increase the conflict between the value of the children and its competing values. Consequently, the structure of attitude towards fertility becomes problematic. The empirical findings of this research, in which 482 married women aged 15 to 39 were surveyed in the city of Tehran, showed that the feeling of ambivalence toward the first and second births (as one of the important properties of the attitude structure) is significantly more than that toward the third or higher-order births.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertility transition
  • Childbearing
  • Child value
  • Attitude structure
  • Ambivalence
  • Rationality
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