نامه انجمن جمعیت شناسی ایران

نامه انجمن جمعیت شناسی ایران

مطالعه عوامل مرتبط با شاخص فشار زمانی سرپرستان حداقل یکبار ازدواج‌کرده خانوارهای ایرانی به تفکیک وضعیت شغلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار آمار کاربردی، گروه روش‌ها و مدل‌سازی جمعیت، مؤسسه تحقیقات جمعیت کشور، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه، گروه اقتصاد جمعیت و سرمایه انسانی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جمعیت کشور، تهران، ایران .
10.22034/jpai.2026.2081387.1436
چکیده
فشار زمانی با بازتولید نابرابری‌های جنسیتی، طبقاتی و شغلی در مصرف زمان همراه بوده و چالش‌هایی جدی در کیفیت روابط خانوادگی، تربیت فرزندان و حتی تصمیم به فرزندآوری ایجاد می‌کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مرتبط با بر شاخص فشار زمانی سرپرستان خانوارهای ایرانی شاغل و غیرشاغل حداقل یکبار ازدواج کرده، با استفاده از تحلیل ثانویه داده‌های طرح آمارگیری گذران وقت ۱۳۹۸–۱۳۹۹ است. شاخص فشار زمانی ۱۲۷۵۶ سرپرست خانوار (8165 شاغل و 4591 غیرشاغل) که با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند، با استفاده از مدل‌های معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار Amos24 ایجاد و تحلیل شد. مقادیر بزرگتر از ۹/۰ شاخص‌های نیکویی برازش AGFI ، GFI، و CFI ، مقادیر کمتر از ۰۷/۰ شاخص RMSEA و عدم معناداری آزمون کای‌اسکوئر (۰۱/۰> p -مقدار) برازش مدل‌های برازش یافته را تأیید نمود. اهم یافته‌ها نشان داد، سن، عامل افزاینده فشار زمانی سرپرستان شاغل و غیرشاغل است. زنان غیرشاغل نسبت به مردان غیرشاغل فشار بیشتری را تجربه می‌کنند. تحصیلات اثری دوگانه دارد؛ در میان غیرشاغلان با کاهش و در میان شاغلان با افزایش فشار زمانی همراه است. وضعیت تأهل بسته به اشتغال، نقش متفاوتی ایفا می‌کند؛ به‌گونه‌ای که در میان غیرشاغلان، ازدواج به افزایش و در میان شاغلان به کاهش فشار زمانی منجر می‌شود. همچنین، وجود فرزندان 18 سال و بالاتر در خانواده می‌تواند فشار زمانی والدین شاغل را کاهش دهد. افزایش استفاده از اینترنت نیز فشار زمانی سرپرستان شاغل را افزایش می‌دهد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که فشار زمانی از تعامل پیچیده متغیرهای فردی، خانوادگی، سکونتی، زمانی و فناورانه تأثیر می‌پذیرد و سیاست‌گذاری مؤثر در این حوزه مستلزم درکی چندسطحی و زمینه‌محور از این پدیده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Study of Factors Associated with the Time Pressure Index among Iranian Ever-Married Household Heads by Employment Status

نویسندگان English

Arezoo Bagheri 1
Adel Abdollahi 2
1 Associate Professor of Applied Statistics, Department of Population Methods and Modeling, National Institute for Population Research (NIPR), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economic Sociology and Development, Department of Population Economics and Human Capital, National Institute for Population Research (NIPR), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Time pressure is closely associated with the reproduction of gender, class, and occupational inequalities in time allocation, posing significant challenges to the quality of family relations, child-rearing, and fertility intentions. This study examines the factors associated with the Time Pressure Index among employed and non-employed Iranian heads of household heads who have ever been married, utilizing a secondary analysis of data from the 2019–2020 National Time Use Survey. The Time Pressure Index was constructed and analyzed for 12,756 household heads (8,165 employed and 4,591 non-employed) selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed using AMOS 24. Goodness-of-fit indices—including GFI, AGFI, and CFI values exceeding 0.90, an RMSEA below 0.07, and a non-significant chi-square test (p > 0.05)—confirmed the satisfactory fit of the empirical models. Key findings indicate that advancing age increases time pressure in both employed and non-employed groups. Among non-employed household heads, women experience higher time pressure than men. Educational attainment demonstrates a dual effect: it is associated with decreased time pressure among non-employed individuals but increased time pressure among employed individuals. Marital status also operates differently depending on employment status, increasing time pressure among the non-employed while decreasing it among the employed. Furthermore, having children aged 18 and older reduces time pressure among employed parents, whereas higher internet utilization increases time pressure in this group. Overall, time pressure is shaped by complex interactions among individual, familial, residential, temporal, and technological variables, indicating that effective social policymaking in this domain requires a multi-level and context-sensitive understanding of the phenomenon.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Time pressure
Time use
Household heads
Employment status
Social policymaking
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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 01 شهریور 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 28 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 مرداد 1405
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