This research is conducted for the purpose of investigating and understanding males' attitudes toward participation in family planning programs, and also investigating the relationship between social and cultural factors and attitudes toward males' participation. This research was conducted using the survey method and a questionnaire on 383 married men aged 25 to 50 years old in Shiraz. The theoretical framework used in this study is Talcott Parsons's theory of social action. The findings in the descriptive part show that respondents' attitudes toward male participation in family planning programs have generally not been positive, and intervening variables such as sex preferences, religious values, gender patriarchal attitudes, and the fear of consequences of using fertility prevention tools have a meaningful relation to respondents' attitudes, although these variables as cultural factors also have a meaningful relation to social variables. By and large, the results of this research emphasize the role of males in family planning programs and the impact of cultural variables on it.