The critical approach of population health is considered as one of the recent interdisciplinary approaches in the demography and sociology of health and medicine which criticizes the conventional perspectives of health. This emerging approach emphasizes on the role and effect of power, social inequality and social exclusion in order to explain the population health. The critical approach of health population has been deeply inspired and influenced by Jurgen Habermas and Michael Foucault in their analysis of socio-economic forces affecting health. This paper, at the outset makes a brief review on the conventional perspectives on population health; then, it points out to the recent evidences dealing with the theoretical and methodological turns towards the critical approach of population health, its relation with social exclusion, and the main principles and implications of this new approach. Finally, the paper particularly focuses on some evidences concerning health/diseases among Iranian women and analyzes their causes based on critical approach of population health.