Studies on the history of world civilization reveal that the eminent position of science and civilization has not always belonged to a specific region or land, though occasionally a country in different parts of the earth has gained such status. Thus, migration as a useful way to achieve knowledge resources and obtain better opportunities in life has interested different strata of society, especially the elites. Results of this historical research suggest that Iran has faced mass migration of Nestorian and Jabal Amel scholars in two different eras: the reign of the Safavid dynasty and Anoushirvan Sassanid. The present article aims to identify the reasons underlying the migration of elites during these eras. It also reviews and evaluates different scientific, cultural, and social contexts pertaining to those periods. The research method consists of case study and documentary and library research.