This article attempts to elaborate on the relationship between patriarchy and reproductive health. The aim of this article is to answer the following questions: is patriarchy present in families? and can patriarchy as a social reality affect reproductive health? The method of research is a survey, and data are collected by questionnaire. The study population is married women in Khoramshad, Yazd, in 1388 (in the Iranian calendar). The sampling method is systematic, and the sample size is 131. Reliability of the questionnaire is obtained through Cronbach's alpha, and validity is measured with the content validity method. The research findings show that patriarchy has a negative relationship with reproductive health. Also, there is a significant relationship between reproductive health and the level of education of women, their husbands' education level, and women's age at marriage. In regression analysis, out of ten independent variables entered into the model, three variables—that is, the reproductive health of men, patriarchy of men, and patriarchy of women—have a significant relationship with the reproductive health of women. The reproductive health of men has the most impact in predicting the level of reproductive health of women.