بررسی مقایسه‏ ای الگوها و مکاتب اقتصاد باروری با به کارگیری داده های ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ابتدا لیبنشتاین با استفاده از یک نظریۀ اقتصاد خرد نامتعارف به تبیین رفتار باروری پرداخت اما کار او توانایی پایه‌گذاری یک مکتب را نداشت. از سال 1960 میلادی که گری بکر تحلیلی اقتصادی از باروری را ارائه نمود و پس از آن در سال 1966 ریچارد ایسترلین تحلیل بکر را به چالش کشید، اقتصاد باروری تا به امروز از رشد قابل توجه نظری و تجربی برخوردار بوده است که عمدتاً در قالب دو مکتب شیکاگو-کلمبیا و پنسیلوانیا شناخته می‌شود. مکتب شیکاگو-کلمبیا با مدد از نظریۀ اقتصادی محض نئوکلاسیک، رفتار باروری را به مانند تقاضا برای یک کالا تحلیل می‌کند که متغیر کلیدی آن قیمت زمان والدین بوده و به مثابۀ عاملی مهم در تعیین قیمت فرزند در نظر گرفته می‌شود. این در حالی است که مکتب پنسیلوانیا با ساختن ملغمه‌ای از نظریۀ اقتصادی و جامعه‌شناسی به تبیین رفتار باروری از زاویۀ عرضه می‌پردازد که متغیر محوری آن درآمد نسبی است. شواهد به دست آمده از ایران دلالت بر صحت ادعای هر دو مکتب دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Economic Schools of Fertility by Using Data from Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Vahid Mehrbani
Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Economic theories have been significantly helped to the explanation of fertility behavior. Since 1960 that Becker provided an economic analysis of fertility and then Easterlin challenged Becker's analysis in 1966 to this time, economics of fertility has experienced the vast theoretical and empirical extensions within Chicago-Columbia and Pennsylvania schools. The former uses neoclassical pure economic theory and positivist methodology and then focuses on demand side in which its key variable is price of parents’ time while the latter is based on the mixture of economic theory with sociology and accentuates on supply side whereas its key variable is relative income. In Chicago model, the supply is exclusively determined by biological factors such as fecundity while in Pennsylvania model, supply is narrowed down behavioral factors such as breastfeeding. To test the credibility of two models, the evidence is provided from Iran. The data in years 1965-2013 is used to estimate the effect of some variables such as income, education and female labor force participation on fertility. Results show that both models are right and helpful in explaining fertility behavior and they are complementary to each other.

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