Major changes in the age structure have been experienced in the population of Iran over the past decades, targets of the family planning program have been achieved, and the program performance has gone beyond the determined goal. Consequently, the question is whether it is not the due time for revision in Iran's population policy. What is the appropriate population policy in the current situation of Iran? Two main opposite approaches have been shaped in this field: 1) pronatalist approach, 2) Management of demographic window opportunity and family planning. Taking any action plan for the population of Iran requires evaluation of both of the approaches. This paper aims to evaluate the current approaches regarding population policymaking in Iran based on experimental evidence and field research. The results suggest that women's childbearing desires and fertility preferences have changed and mainly aim for small families. On the other hand, despite the widespread use of contraception, there is a high demand for using long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods. Results assess the second approach more realistic, and by emphasizing improving the quality of family planning services, consider necessary adopting policies to manage the opportunities arising from changes in the age structure of the population of Iran and facilitate marriage and family formation.