رابطه اندازه جمعیت و تحصیلات با نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار جامعه شناسی، موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه ریزی

چکیده

برخی صاحبنظران معتقد هستند که اندازه جمعیت با نوآوری و تولید و کاربرد دانش رابطه مثبتی دارد و رشد جمعیت باعث افزایش نوآوری می‌گردد. تحقیقات انجام گرفته نشان می‌دهند که کیفیت تحصیلات رابطه مثبت با رشد نوآوری دارد. این مقاله رابطه اندازه جمعیت و تحصیلات را با نوآوری مورد مطالعه قرار می‌دهد. داده‌های بکار رفته مربوط به اطلاعات 46 کشور است که از منابع مختلف (از جمله بانک جهانی، سازمان مالکیت فکری جهان، سازمان همکاری اقتصادی و توسعه، و سازمان ملل) جمع آوری شده اند. برای تحلیل آماری از مدل دو جمله‌ای منفی استفاده می‌گردد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که کیفیت تحصیلات با نوآوری (تعداد اختراعات) رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری دارد، اما هیچ شواهدی را برای تایید این نظریه که با افزایش جمعیت نوآوری نیز افزایش خواهد یافت ارایه نمی‌کند. از جنبه سیاستگذاری، تاکید بر سرمایه گذاری بر روی کیفیت تحصیلات می‌تواند راهبرد مناسبی جهت افزایش خلاقیت و نوآوری بوده و در حل چالش‌های توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی، از جمله چالش‌های رشد جمعیت، موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Population Size and Education on Innovation

نویسنده [English]

  • farrokh mostafavi
چکیده [English]

Some researchers posit that population size has a positive relation with innovation and production and use of knowledge, and that population growth will lead to increase in innovation. Research shows that education quality is positively associated with innovation. This paper is concerned with the effects of population size and education on innovation. Data used are related to information on 46 countries which are acquired from various sources, including the World Bank, United Nations, World Intellectual Property Organization, and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Negative Binomial Regression model is used to analyze data. Results indicate that education quality has a positive and signification association with innovation. No significant association, however, between population size and innovation was found. From a policy point of view, investment in education quality can enhance creativity and innovation, and play an effective role in solving problems of economic and social development and population growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Innovation
  • creativity
  • Population size
  • education
  • Negative Binomial Regression
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