Population Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Challenges in the Transition from Courtship to Engagement Among Youth in YazdChallenges in the Transition from Courtship to Engagement Among Youth in Yazd72373031410.22034/jpai.2025.2055377.1403FAMortezaRajabinezhadPh.D. Candidate in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0009-0009-9489-1310MiladRashidiPh.D. Candidate in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0009-0004-4978-3947MohammadTorkashvand-MoradabadiAssociate Professor in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20250308The topic of marriage, especially during the stages between courtship and the formal marriage contract, is one of the fundamental challenges in today's society, influenced by social, economic, and cultural factors. This research aims to identify the obstacles and challenges present in this sensitive stage. The study uses a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. Data were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews with 22 young people (11 women and 11 men) from Yazd who have experienced failure at this stage of marriage. The results reveal five main themes: individual-psychological factors, economic-financial obstacles, cultural-educational differences, management strategies, and structural pressures, which are key factors contributing to marriage failure. Ultimately, the research suggests that improving communication skills, empowering psychological-social programs, providing targeted economic support, conducting workshops for intergenerational dialogue, and establishing a national monitoring system should be prioritized to reduce failures and facilitate the marriage process. These findings underscore the importance of macro-level policymaking to support young couples.The topic of marriage, especially during the stages between courtship and the formal marriage contract, is one of the fundamental challenges in today's society, influenced by social, economic, and cultural factors. This research aims to identify the obstacles and challenges present in this sensitive stage. The study uses a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. Data were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews with 22 young people (11 women and 11 men) from Yazd who have experienced failure at this stage of marriage. The results reveal five main themes: individual-psychological factors, economic-financial obstacles, cultural-educational differences, management strategies, and structural pressures, which are key factors contributing to marriage failure. Ultimately, the research suggests that improving communication skills, empowering psychological-social programs, providing targeted economic support, conducting workshops for intergenerational dialogue, and establishing a national monitoring system should be prioritized to reduce failures and facilitate the marriage process. These findings underscore the importance of macro-level policymaking to support young couples.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730314_d596e3e6317160ecc0bc93e6cda5e378.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220The Relationship Between Interactions with the Opposite Sex and Desire for Marriage: A Study of Single Men in TehranThe Relationship Between Interactions with the Opposite Sex and Desire for Marriage: A Study of Single Men in Tehran254573135410.22034/jpai.2025.2063475.1415FAMarjanRashvand SorkhkoulehAssistant Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250611Over the past few decades, the age at first marriage among young people has increased, and recent evidence suggests a rise in interactions with the opposite sex among youth. Studying the desire to marry is important because any change in the desire to marry is can affect fertility behavior. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between opposite-sex interaction experience and the desire to marry among single men in Tehran. The theoretical framework draws upon modernization theory, social action theory, social capital theory, social exchange theory, and rational choice theory. Data were collected through a survey utilizing a researcher-designed questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of single (never-married) men aged 18–49 residing across the 22 districts of Tehran. The sample size, estimated using Cochran’s formula, included 384 individuals. Sampling was conducted through a combination of multistage stratified and simple random methods. Findings showed that opposite-sex interaction experience, religiosity, social media use, trust in the opposite sex, desire for variety, employment status, and age were, respectively, the strongest predictors of desire to marry among single men. A noteworthy finding was the mediating role of opposite-sex interaction experience. This variable was influenced by religiosity and social media use, while it also affected trust in the opposite sex and the desire for variety, which ultimately influenced desirt for marriage. Based on the findings, it is recommended to emphasize media literacy education, enhance the economic empowerment of youth, revise approaches to religious upbringing, institutionalize spiritual beliefs and values among the younger generation, and increase awareness regarding the effects of interactions with the opposite sex on spouse selection.Over the past few decades, the age at first marriage among young people has increased, and recent evidence suggests a rise in interactions with the opposite sex among youth. Studying the desire to marry is important because any change in the desire to marry is can affect fertility behavior. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between opposite-sex interaction experience and the desire to marry among single men in Tehran. The theoretical framework draws upon modernization theory, social action theory, social capital theory, social exchange theory, and rational choice theory. Data were collected through a survey utilizing a researcher-designed questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of single (never-married) men aged 18–49 residing across the 22 districts of Tehran. The sample size, estimated using Cochran’s formula, included 384 individuals. Sampling was conducted through a combination of multistage stratified and simple random methods. Findings showed that opposite-sex interaction experience, religiosity, social media use, trust in the opposite sex, desire for variety, employment status, and age were, respectively, the strongest predictors of desire to marry among single men. A noteworthy finding was the mediating role of opposite-sex interaction experience. This variable was influenced by religiosity and social media use, while it also affected trust in the opposite sex and the desire for variety, which ultimately influenced desirt for marriage. Based on the findings, it is recommended to emphasize media literacy education, enhance the economic empowerment of youth, revise approaches to religious upbringing, institutionalize spiritual beliefs and values among the younger generation, and increase awareness regarding the effects of interactions with the opposite sex on spouse selection.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_731354_3eaeb7c8fc0b27ec11cb879bd90c48cc.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Childbearing Within Bounded Rationality: A Grounded Theory Study in Isfahan, IranChildbearing Within Bounded Rationality: A Grounded Theory Study in Isfahan, Iran476872278210.22034/jpai.2025.2044340.1377FASaharRezaeiPhD Candidate of Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranAliRuhaniAssociate Professor of Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranAbbasAskari-NodoushanProfessor of Demography, Department of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-9815-7476MalihehAlimondegariAssociate Professor of Demography, Department of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-9346-9374Journal Article20241026Childbearing is simultaneously a biological and profoundly social behavior, significantly influenced by social norms. Moreover, it is a behavior in the realm of private decisions of couples carrying a heavy burden of future responsibilities for them. Thus, it is fundamentally a decision based on couples' bounded rationality. Given the recent decline in fertility rates, this study examines the socio-cultural contexts underlying anxieties related to childbearing among voluntarily childless couples and couples with a single child. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on Strauss and Corbin's systematic Grounded Theory methodology and theoretical sampling, the research conducted 30 in-depth interviews—15 with individuals from voluntarily childless couples married for at least three years, and 15 with individuals from couples who intentionally have only one child aged over five years. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was conducted through open, axial, and selective coding. The core category identified in the research is "childbearing as bounded rationality," and the central phenomenon is "altered cognitive frameworks." The findings indicate significant shifts in couples' cognitive structures, with rationalism and individualism at the core, facilitating the rational decision to remain childless or to have only one child.Childbearing is simultaneously a biological and profoundly social behavior, significantly influenced by social norms. Moreover, it is a behavior in the realm of private decisions of couples carrying a heavy burden of future responsibilities for them. Thus, it is fundamentally a decision based on couples' bounded rationality. Given the recent decline in fertility rates, this study examines the socio-cultural contexts underlying anxieties related to childbearing among voluntarily childless couples and couples with a single child. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on Strauss and Corbin's systematic Grounded Theory methodology and theoretical sampling, the research conducted 30 in-depth interviews—15 with individuals from voluntarily childless couples married for at least three years, and 15 with individuals from couples who intentionally have only one child aged over five years. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was conducted through open, axial, and selective coding. The core category identified in the research is "childbearing as bounded rationality," and the central phenomenon is "altered cognitive frameworks." The findings indicate significant shifts in couples' cognitive structures, with rationalism and individualism at the core, facilitating the rational decision to remain childless or to have only one child.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_722782_f8dfc5793fea6f3e0d80efb8237bcb29.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Analysis of Factors Affecting the Attitudes of Mashhad Citizens Toward the Rejuvenation of the Population and Support of the Family LawAnalysis of Factors Affecting the Attitudes of Mashhad Citizens Toward the Rejuvenation of the Population and Support of the Family Law698673658610.22034/jpai.2026.2066424.1417FAMahmoudTeimouriAssistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran0009-0002-0420-2331GholamrezaHassani DarmianAssociate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9745-8250Journal Article20250720This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the behavioral attitudes of Mashhad citizens toward the Rejuvenation of the Population and Support of the Family law. Utilizing a survey technique, data were gathered in 2023 through a researcher-made questionnaire. The target population comprised male and female residents of Mashhad, with a sample size of 429 selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Descriptive results reveal a low level of public awareness pertaining to the law (mean score of 2.87 out of 5). Furthermore, attitudes toward the law manifest as negative or indifferent, specifically within the emotional (2.22 out of 5) and behavioral (1.86 out of 5) dimensions, both of which fall significantly lower than expected. Multivariate regression analysis identified attitudes toward macro-structural socio-economic conditions, level of awareness regarding the law, and age as significant predictors. The findings demonstrate that perceptions of macro-structural conditions (e.g., recession, inflation, and future outlook) exert the most profound influence on behavioral attitudes. Consequently, successful implementation hinges upon improving macro-structural infrastructures and enhancing public awareness.This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the behavioral attitudes of Mashhad citizens toward the Rejuvenation of the Population and Support of the Family law. Utilizing a survey technique, data were gathered in 2023 through a researcher-made questionnaire. The target population comprised male and female residents of Mashhad, with a sample size of 429 selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Descriptive results reveal a low level of public awareness pertaining to the law (mean score of 2.87 out of 5). Furthermore, attitudes toward the law manifest as negative or indifferent, specifically within the emotional (2.22 out of 5) and behavioral (1.86 out of 5) dimensions, both of which fall significantly lower than expected. Multivariate regression analysis identified attitudes toward macro-structural socio-economic conditions, level of awareness regarding the law, and age as significant predictors. The findings demonstrate that perceptions of macro-structural conditions (e.g., recession, inflation, and future outlook) exert the most profound influence on behavioral attitudes. Consequently, successful implementation hinges upon improving macro-structural infrastructures and enhancing public awareness.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_736586_910bffce7154e4beb1f43c27b6ff8fc7.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Assessment of Quality of Life Trajectories Among Divorced Women: A Qualitative Study in Ilam CityAssessment of Quality of Life Trajectories Among Divorced Women: A Qualitative Study in Ilam City8710273155210.22034/jpai.2025.2060952.1418FAMasoudAlmasiAssistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-0722-0001Journal Article20250804This qualitative study explores the various dimensions of quality of life among divorced women in Ilam City, focusing on their experiences both before and after divorce. A rigorous thematic analysis framework was utilized for this research. A purposive sample of 17 divorced women residing in Ilam was recruited through semi-structured interviews. The gathered data were systematically analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis protocol (2006). The findings reveal that divorce significantly affects four key aspects of quality of life: physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental conditions. Prior to divorce, participants reported experiencing severe psychological distress, exposure to marital violence, social ostracism, and considerable economic hardship, all of which substantially diminished their quality of life. In contrast, post-divorce outcomes indicated notable improvements in both physical and mental health, enhanced personal development, and increased social and economic independence. However, persistent challenges remain, including entrenched negative cultural perceptions, ongoing financial limitations, and insufficient institutional support systems. These findings highlight that a complex interplay of individual, socio-cultural, and economic factors influences the quality of life for this vulnerable population. To foster sustainable improvements in their well-being, it is crucial to implement comprehensive, multidimensional interventions that encompass specialized mental health services, economic empowerment initiatives, strengthening of social support networks, and transformative changes in cultural attitudes.This qualitative study explores the various dimensions of quality of life among divorced women in Ilam City, focusing on their experiences both before and after divorce. A rigorous thematic analysis framework was utilized for this research. A purposive sample of 17 divorced women residing in Ilam was recruited through semi-structured interviews. The gathered data were systematically analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis protocol (2006). The findings reveal that divorce significantly affects four key aspects of quality of life: physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental conditions. Prior to divorce, participants reported experiencing severe psychological distress, exposure to marital violence, social ostracism, and considerable economic hardship, all of which substantially diminished their quality of life. In contrast, post-divorce outcomes indicated notable improvements in both physical and mental health, enhanced personal development, and increased social and economic independence. However, persistent challenges remain, including entrenched negative cultural perceptions, ongoing financial limitations, and insufficient institutional support systems. These findings highlight that a complex interplay of individual, socio-cultural, and economic factors influences the quality of life for this vulnerable population. To foster sustainable improvements in their well-being, it is crucial to implement comprehensive, multidimensional interventions that encompass specialized mental health services, economic empowerment initiatives, strengthening of social support networks, and transformative changes in cultural attitudes.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_731552_50fbe416207eafad5195c7f0edfd42ba.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Population Dynamics in Iran and Its Provinces: Analysis of Stable and Nonstable Momentum During 1996-2016Population Dynamics in Iran and Its Provinces: Analysis of Stable and Nonstable Momentum During 1996-201610312272276910.22034/jpai.2025.2048288.1390FANazaninAghaeiPhD in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0007-1683-8771RasoulSadeghiAssociate Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7024-2924Journal Article20241216This study examines the effects of stable and nonstable momentum on the population dynamics of Iranian provinces between 1996-2016. The analysis is based on census data from 1996 to 2016, fertility and mortality estimates, and the cohort-component projection method. Stable momentum reflects the long-term effects of fertility on age structure and the deviation between stable and stationary age distributions. In contrast, nonstable momentum indicates the temporary effects of recent fertility changes and the deviation of the current age structure from stability. Findings show that Iran’s total population momentum declined from approximately 1.7 in 1996 to 1.3 in 2016. At the provincial level, Sistan and Baluchestan had the highest total momentum (1.9), while Gilan and Tehran had the lowest (1.0). The decrease in total momentum is mainly due to a reduction in stable momentum and a partial shift toward nonstable momentum. The exit of large birth cohorts from childbearing ages has diminished the temporary effect of nonstable momentum, contributing to the overall decline. The results highlight the value of decomposing momentum into stable and nonstable components, offering a clearer understanding of demographic dynamics. This approach provides new insights into how age structure influences population growth, especially in the context of fertility transitions.This study examines the effects of stable and nonstable momentum on the population dynamics of Iranian provinces between 1996-2016. The analysis is based on census data from 1996 to 2016, fertility and mortality estimates, and the cohort-component projection method. Stable momentum reflects the long-term effects of fertility on age structure and the deviation between stable and stationary age distributions. In contrast, nonstable momentum indicates the temporary effects of recent fertility changes and the deviation of the current age structure from stability. Findings show that Iran’s total population momentum declined from approximately 1.7 in 1996 to 1.3 in 2016. At the provincial level, Sistan and Baluchestan had the highest total momentum (1.9), while Gilan and Tehran had the lowest (1.0). The decrease in total momentum is mainly due to a reduction in stable momentum and a partial shift toward nonstable momentum. The exit of large birth cohorts from childbearing ages has diminished the temporary effect of nonstable momentum, contributing to the overall decline. The results highlight the value of decomposing momentum into stable and nonstable components, offering a clearer understanding of demographic dynamics. This approach provides new insights into how age structure influences population growth, especially in the context of fertility transitions.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_722769_e69626d57e5615bb6f64587cf304e16e.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220The Impact of Population Aging on Foreign Direct Investment Flows in IranThe Impact of Population Aging on Foreign Direct Investment Flows in Iran12314173029810.22034/jpai.2025.2059490.1409FAMajidDashtban FaroojiAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranSaharDashtban FaroojiAssistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranAliAzarioonMA in Economics, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranJournal Article20250501One of the most important demographic challenges of the 21st century is population aging. This phenomenon not only influences the population structure of countries but also impacts various economic, social, political, and cultural aspects. Moreover, it can present opportunities to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). To take advantage of these opportunities, countries must adopt appropriate policies and create an attractive environment for foreign investors. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of population aging on FDI flows in Iran from 1960 to 2023. The findings indicate a positive and significant long-term relationship between population aging and FDI inflows in Iran. Furthermore, trade openness, broad money supply, and the real effective exchange rate also have a positive and significant long-term impact on FDI inflows in Iran. However, domestic investment exhibits a negative and significant effect on FDI. The findings of this study indicate that population aging can positively influence FDI attraction in Iran. This occurs as reduced demand for labor encourages companies to adopt new technologies through increased investment in research and development. This phenomenon necessitates careful attention from policymakers to its economic and social implications.One of the most important demographic challenges of the 21st century is population aging. This phenomenon not only influences the population structure of countries but also impacts various economic, social, political, and cultural aspects. Moreover, it can present opportunities to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). To take advantage of these opportunities, countries must adopt appropriate policies and create an attractive environment for foreign investors. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of population aging on FDI flows in Iran from 1960 to 2023. The findings indicate a positive and significant long-term relationship between population aging and FDI inflows in Iran. Furthermore, trade openness, broad money supply, and the real effective exchange rate also have a positive and significant long-term impact on FDI inflows in Iran. However, domestic investment exhibits a negative and significant effect on FDI. The findings of this study indicate that population aging can positively influence FDI attraction in Iran. This occurs as reduced demand for labor encourages companies to adopt new technologies through increased investment in research and development. This phenomenon necessitates careful attention from policymakers to its economic and social implications.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730298_9a7153e0e83b7881108ccbe7af3f7f29.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Disease-Related Mortality in Iran, 2016Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Disease-Related Mortality in Iran, 201614316073658710.22034/jpai.2026.2056643.1405FAMehrangizRezaeeAssistant Professor Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, IranShabnamJafariMaster's Student in Regional Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, IranMalikaDaneshfarMaster's Student in Regional Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20250327The mortality rate due to diseases is one of the key demographic and public health indicators, significantly influenced by geographical, social, and economic determinants. This study seek to analyze the spatial patterns of disease-related mortality in Iran, utilizing data from the 2016 Statistical Yearbook. To achieve this, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques, including Global and Local Moran’s I, were applied within the ArcGIS environment. The findings demonstrate significant spatial autocorrelation in mortality rates across most disease categories. While the majority of disease-related mortality rates exhibit a clustered spatial distribution, those attributed to pregnancy, childbirth complications, and skin/subcutaneous diseases follows a random pattern. Furthermore, the emergence of robust low-low clusters in the counties surrounding Tehran, as observed in multiple maps, indicates that disease distribution throughout the country is non-random. These results point to regional disparities driven by unequal access to healthcare, socioeconomic conditions, environmental factors, and spatial dependencies. The study findings lend support to the theory of epidemiological polarization, indicating that mortality rates are lower in prosperous regions, whereas less developed areas continue to experience a higher level of mortality. Given these spatial dynamics, it is recommended that health planners and policymakers employ these techniques to identify high-risk areas and optimize resource allocation. Moreover, future studies utilizing advanced spatial data analysis methods could contribute to a deeper understanding of mortality patterns and facilitate the formulation of more effective health policies.The mortality rate due to diseases is one of the key demographic and public health indicators, significantly influenced by geographical, social, and economic determinants. This study seek to analyze the spatial patterns of disease-related mortality in Iran, utilizing data from the 2016 Statistical Yearbook. To achieve this, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques, including Global and Local Moran’s I, were applied within the ArcGIS environment. The findings demonstrate significant spatial autocorrelation in mortality rates across most disease categories. While the majority of disease-related mortality rates exhibit a clustered spatial distribution, those attributed to pregnancy, childbirth complications, and skin/subcutaneous diseases follows a random pattern. Furthermore, the emergence of robust low-low clusters in the counties surrounding Tehran, as observed in multiple maps, indicates that disease distribution throughout the country is non-random. These results point to regional disparities driven by unequal access to healthcare, socioeconomic conditions, environmental factors, and spatial dependencies. The study findings lend support to the theory of epidemiological polarization, indicating that mortality rates are lower in prosperous regions, whereas less developed areas continue to experience a higher level of mortality. Given these spatial dynamics, it is recommended that health planners and policymakers employ these techniques to identify high-risk areas and optimize resource allocation. Moreover, future studies utilizing advanced spatial data analysis methods could contribute to a deeper understanding of mortality patterns and facilitate the formulation of more effective health policies.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_736587_92da2305b86932a85bdaf85e364e2d1b.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Virtual Social Networks and the Afghan Diaspora in France: Ethnography of Everyday Life and Diasporic Cultural ChallengesVirtual Social Networks and the Afghan Diaspora in France: Ethnography of Everyday Life and Diasporic Cultural Challenges16118073030510.22034/jpai.2025.2062029.1413FAHosseinMirzaeiAssistant Professor, Cultural Studies department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0781-5280Journal Article20250528This ethnographic study explores the role of virtual social networks in preserving cultural identity and addressing migration challenges among the Afghan diaspora in France. With the increasing migration and dispersion of Afghans worldwide, the transmission of culture, language, and native values to new generations has become a central concern for this community. The research findings, based on active observation in online groups (WhatsApp, Telegram) and semi-structured interviews with migrants from various ethnic backgrounds, indicate that virtual social networks provide a crucial platform for the reproduction of language, oral literature, rituals, and the strengthening of familial and emotional bonds across generations. These digital spaces, through the sharing of stories, poems, proverbs, and memories, not only prevent the loss of the mother tongue but also reinforce a sense of belonging and collective solidarity. Nevertheless, challenges such as language mixing, generational gaps, and the creation of "cultural bubbles" are also present. This study demonstrates that virtual social networks play a dual role in simultaneously preserving cultural identity and facilitating social integration. Examining these experiences can inspire Iranian policymakers and researchers to better manage migration and cultural challenges. The research highlights the importance of digital platforms in supporting the cultural resilience and social cohesion of migrant communities in today's interconnected world.This ethnographic study explores the role of virtual social networks in preserving cultural identity and addressing migration challenges among the Afghan diaspora in France. With the increasing migration and dispersion of Afghans worldwide, the transmission of culture, language, and native values to new generations has become a central concern for this community. The research findings, based on active observation in online groups (WhatsApp, Telegram) and semi-structured interviews with migrants from various ethnic backgrounds, indicate that virtual social networks provide a crucial platform for the reproduction of language, oral literature, rituals, and the strengthening of familial and emotional bonds across generations. These digital spaces, through the sharing of stories, poems, proverbs, and memories, not only prevent the loss of the mother tongue but also reinforce a sense of belonging and collective solidarity. Nevertheless, challenges such as language mixing, generational gaps, and the creation of "cultural bubbles" are also present. This study demonstrates that virtual social networks play a dual role in simultaneously preserving cultural identity and facilitating social integration. Examining these experiences can inspire Iranian policymakers and researchers to better manage migration and cultural challenges. The research highlights the importance of digital platforms in supporting the cultural resilience and social cohesion of migrant communities in today's interconnected world.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730305_737fc265b12e7e84fd5622da54898694.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220The Relationship between Social Trust and Attitudes Toward Foreign Immigrants in IranThe Relationship between Social Trust and Attitudes Toward Foreign Immigrants in Iran18119673025310.22034/jpai.2025.2048524.1391FASomayehAlizadehMA in Demography, Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranSerajeddinMahmoudianiAssociate Professor of Demography, Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-3686-1171Journal Article20241219Foreign migrants can play a vital role in a country's development; however, they might also present certain social challenges in the host society. Citizens’ attitudes toward migrants are influenced by various factors that can lead to either acceptance or rejection. This study aimed to examine the relationship between different aspects of social trust and Iranians’ attitudes toward foreign migrants. This research is based on secondary data analysis from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey. The results showed that higher levels of interpersonal trust and generalized trust are significantly associated with more positive attitudes toward migrants. Additionally, attitudes toward migrants tend to become less favorable with increasing age. Single individuals generally have more positive attitudes compared to married individuals. Moreover, except for the illiterate group, higher educational levels are associated with more favorable attitudes toward migrants. Regression analysis further revealed that generalized trust as a significant predictor of positive attitudes toward migrants. These findings suggest that building social trust within society can promote more positive perceptions of foreign migrants and help prevent potential social issues related to their integration.Foreign migrants can play a vital role in a country's development; however, they might also present certain social challenges in the host society. Citizens’ attitudes toward migrants are influenced by various factors that can lead to either acceptance or rejection. This study aimed to examine the relationship between different aspects of social trust and Iranians’ attitudes toward foreign migrants. This research is based on secondary data analysis from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey. The results showed that higher levels of interpersonal trust and generalized trust are significantly associated with more positive attitudes toward migrants. Additionally, attitudes toward migrants tend to become less favorable with increasing age. Single individuals generally have more positive attitudes compared to married individuals. Moreover, except for the illiterate group, higher educational levels are associated with more favorable attitudes toward migrants. Regression analysis further revealed that generalized trust as a significant predictor of positive attitudes toward migrants. These findings suggest that building social trust within society can promote more positive perceptions of foreign migrants and help prevent potential social issues related to their integration.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730253_a862804e2b56ec98e45036f15415661f.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Determinants of the Third Demographic TransitionDeterminants of the Third Demographic Transition19721673057410.22034/jpai.2025.2065670.1416FAMohammadMirzaieProfessor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4099-118XShirinHatamifarPhD Candidate in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0004-7570-2127Journal Article20250713The concept of demographic transition and its role in social, economic, political, and population changes has a well-established history. The term demographic transition describes a process of population change that is rapid, unprecedented, irreversible, and fundamentally impacts social, cultural, and political dimensions. The third demographic transition, sometimes referred to as the "migration transition," is characterized by increased international migration along with continued declines in fertility rates in a region. This shift often results in changes to the ethnic and racial makeup of the area. A low fertility rate combined with increased migration are prerequisites for the third demographic transition. This subject is studied through documentary research in the fields of migration and fertility, with evidence indicating its likely occurrence in the near future, although on a regional rather than a global level.The concept of demographic transition and its role in social, economic, political, and population changes has a well-established history. The term demographic transition describes a process of population change that is rapid, unprecedented, irreversible, and fundamentally impacts social, cultural, and political dimensions. The third demographic transition, sometimes referred to as the "migration transition," is characterized by increased international migration along with continued declines in fertility rates in a region. This shift often results in changes to the ethnic and racial makeup of the area. A low fertility rate combined with increased migration are prerequisites for the third demographic transition. This subject is studied through documentary research in the fields of migration and fertility, with evidence indicating its likely occurrence in the near future, although on a regional rather than a global level.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730574_d6e51c4f45833b996a6cb249195222c6.pdfPopulation Association of IranJournal of Population Association of Iran2008-3742204020260220Internal Migration Management: A Review of Global Experiences and Policy Lessons for IranInternal Migration Management: A Review of Global Experiences and Policy Lessons for Iran21723573032910.22034/jpai.2025.2068445.1419FAFatemehTanhaaAssistant Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran sciencesJournal Article20250809Recent years have seen a growing focus on international migration policies within both management and academic circles around the world. However, internal migration management policies have received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to review internal migration management policies in various countries and provide recommendations for Iran. The method of this study is a review, and in terms of scope and purpose, it is a review of descriptive empirical findings, and in terms of organization, it is a geographical study. The findings classified these policies into two types: direct and indirect. Direct policies can be further divided into two categories: those that impose restrictions on immigrants and those that provide support for them. On the other hand, indirect policies pertain to both the origin and destination of immigration. Regarding origin policies, the primary focus is on rural development. Key measures for achieving this include providing welfare services to rural residents and establishing industries in areas that receive immigrants. In terms of destination-related policies, decentralization is the main policy. Countries have implemented initiatives such as relocating administrative, commercial, and recreational centers to different cities, creating population attraction centers in various regions, and decentralizing higher education. To effectively manage immigration in Iran, it is recommended to undertake measures such as identifying population absorption centers, establishing industries in immigrant-sending areas in the western part of the country, and decentralizing higher education.Recent years have seen a growing focus on international migration policies within both management and academic circles around the world. However, internal migration management policies have received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to review internal migration management policies in various countries and provide recommendations for Iran. The method of this study is a review, and in terms of scope and purpose, it is a review of descriptive empirical findings, and in terms of organization, it is a geographical study. The findings classified these policies into two types: direct and indirect. Direct policies can be further divided into two categories: those that impose restrictions on immigrants and those that provide support for them. On the other hand, indirect policies pertain to both the origin and destination of immigration. Regarding origin policies, the primary focus is on rural development. Key measures for achieving this include providing welfare services to rural residents and establishing industries in areas that receive immigrants. In terms of destination-related policies, decentralization is the main policy. Countries have implemented initiatives such as relocating administrative, commercial, and recreational centers to different cities, creating population attraction centers in various regions, and decentralizing higher education. To effectively manage immigration in Iran, it is recommended to undertake measures such as identifying population absorption centers, establishing industries in immigrant-sending areas in the western part of the country, and decentralizing higher education.https://www.jpaiassoc.ir/article_730329_da3e236d46282895a75f80268628591f.pdf